SSH¶
SSH is a cryptographic network protocol for operating network services securely over an unsecured network. The standard TCP port for SSH is 22. The best known example application is for remote login to computer systems by users.
SSH provides a secure channel over an unsecured network in a client-server architecture, connecting an SSH client application with an SSH server. Common applications include remote command-line login and remote command execution, but any network service can be secured with SSH. The protocol specification distinguishes between two major versions, referred to as SSH-1 and SSH-2.
The most visible application of the protocol is for access to shell accounts on Unix-like operating systems, but it sees some limited use on Windows as well. In 2015, Microsoft announced that they would include native support for SSH in a future release.
SSH was designed as a replacement for Telnet and for unsecured remote shell protocols such as the Berkeley rlogin, rsh, and rexec protocols. Those protocols send information, notably passwords, in plaintext, rendering them susceptible to interception and disclosure using packet analysis. The encryption used by SSH is intended to provide confidentiality and integrity of data over an unsecured network, such as the Internet.
注解
VyOS 1.1 supported login as user root
. This has been removed due
to tighter security in VyOS 1.2.
参见
Configuration¶
Enabling SSH only requires you to specify the port <port>
you want SSH to
listen on. By default, SSH runs on port 22.
Specify IPv4/IPv6 listen address of SSH server. Multiple addresses can be defined.
Define allowed ciphers used for the SSH connection. A number of allowed ciphers can be specified, use multiple occurrences to allow multiple ciphers.
List of supported ciphers: 3des-cbc
, aes128-cbc
, aes192-cbc
,
aes256-cbc
, aes128-ctr
, aes192-ctr
, aes256-ctr
,
arcfour128
, arcfour256
, arcfour
, blowfish-cbc
, cast128-cbc
Disable password based authentication. Login via SSH keys only. This hardens security!
Disable the host validation through reverse DNS lookups - can speedup login time when reverse lookup is not possible.
Specifies the available MAC algorithms. The MAC algorithm is used in protocol version 2 for data integrity protection. Multiple algorithms can be provided.
List of supported MACs: hmac-md5
, hmac-md5-96
, hmac-ripemd160
,
hmac-sha1
, hmac-sha1-96
, hmac-sha2-256
, hmac-sha2-512
,
umac-64@openssh.com
, umac-128@openssh.com
,
hmac-md5-etm@openssh.com
, hmac-md5-96-etm@openssh.com
,
hmac-ripemd160-etm@openssh.com
, hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com
,
hmac-sha1-96-etm@openssh.com
, hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com
,
hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com
, umac-64-etm@openssh.com
,
umac-128-etm@openssh.com
Add access-control directive to allow or deny users and groups. Directives
are processed in the following order of precedence: deny-users
,
allow-users
, deny-groups
and allow-groups
.
Specify timeout interval for keepalive message in seconds.
Specify allowed KEX algorithms.
List of supported algorithms: diffie-hellman-group1-sha1
,
diffie-hellman-group14-sha1
, diffie-hellman-group14-sha256
,
diffie-hellman-group16-sha512
, diffie-hellman-group18-sha512
,
diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1
,
diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256
,
ecdh-sha2-nistp256
, ecdh-sha2-nistp384
, ecdh-sha2-nistp521
,
curve25519-sha256
and curve25519-sha256@libssh.org
.
Set the sshd
log level. The default is info
.
Operation¶
Restart the SSH daemon process, the current session is not affected, only the background daemon is restarted.
Re-generated the public/private keyportion which SSH uses to secure connections.
注解
Already learned known_hosts files of clients need an update as the public key will change.
Re-generated a known pub/private keyfile which can be used to connect to other services (e.g. RPKI cache).
Example:
vyos@vyos:~$ generate ssh client-key /config/auth/id_rsa_rpki
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Your identification has been saved in /config/auth/id_rsa_rpki.
Your public key has been saved in /config/auth/id_rsa_rpki.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:XGv2PpdOzVCzpmEzJZga8hTRq7B/ZYL3fXaioLFLS5Q cpo@LR1.wue3
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
| oo |
| ..o |
| . o.o.. o.|
| o+ooo o.o|
| Eo* =.o |
| o = +.o*+ |
| = o *.o.o|
| o * +.o+.+|
| =.. o=.oo|
+----[SHA256]-----+
Two new files /config/auth/id_rsa_rpki
and
/config/auth/id_rsa_rpki.pub
will be created.